The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Plastic Surgery

Opportunities, Limitations and Governance

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being incorporated into plastic surgery, influencing various stages of patient care. AI-generated tools offer potential benefits for both surgeons and patients; however, concerns persist regarding safety, ethics and governance. This paper critically examines the clinical potential of AI in plastic surgery as well as its associated challenges. Reported benefits include improved efficiency, training, enhanced patient education and extended postoperative monitoring. Conversely, limitations include risks of inaccuracies, overreliance, bias, unclear accountability, and concerns regarding patient privacy and informed consent, which may consequently harm doctor-patient relationships. By analysing both aspects, effective strategies for AI integration are discussed to minimise risks while maximising benefits. The successful integration of AI in plastic surgery involves establishing clear legal guidelines, maintaining human oversight and providing clinicians with comprehensive education. These measures ensure that AI functions as a supportive tool, not a replacement for clinicians. Such an approach is essential for a future in which AI and humans coexist.